Sources and licenses

GISTEMP Team, 2026: GISS Surface Temperature Analysis (GISTEMP), version 4. NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies. Dataset accessed on the retrieved_at date of this dataset version at https://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/. Lenssen, N., G.A. Schmidt, M. Hendrickson, P. Jacobs, M. Menne, and R. Ruedy, 2024: A GISTEMPv4 observational uncertainty ensemble. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 129, no. 17, e2023JD040179, doi:10.1029/2023JD040179. HadCRUT.5.2.0.0 data were obtained from http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcrut5 on the retrieved_at date of this dataset version and are © British Crown Copyright, Met Office 2020, provided under an Open Government License, http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/

The data was obtained from National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Langley Research Center's Prediction Of Worldwide Energy Resources (POWER) project funded through the NASA Earth Science Division. The data was obtained from the POWER Project's Monthly and Annual API v2.10.0 on the retrieved_at date of this dataset version. Capital locations: Made with Natural Earth. Free vector and raster map data @ naturalearthdata.com.

Lan, X., Tans, P. and K.W. Thoning: Trends in globally-averaged CO2 determined from NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory measurements. NOAA GML (https://gml.noaa.gov/ccgg/trends/). Mauna Loa data from March 1958 to April 1974 obtained by C. David Keeling, Scripps Institution of Oceanography.

Lan, X., K.W. Thoning, and E.J. Dlugokencky: Trends in globally-averaged CH4, N2O, and SF6 determined from NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory measurements. Version of the retrieved_at month of this dataset version, https://doi.org/10.15138/P8XG-AA10

Vose, Russell S.; Applequist, Scott; Squires, Mike; Durre, Imke; Menne, Matthew J.; Williams, Claude N., Jr.; Fenimore, Chris; Gleason, Karin; Arndt, Derek (2014): NOAA Monthly U.S. Climate Divisional Database (NClimDiv). County average, maximum and minimum temperature and precipitation (climdiv-tmpccy, -tmaxcy, -tmincy, -pcpncy) and the county 1991-2020 normals (climdiv-norm-*cy). NOAA National Climatic Data Center. doi:10.7289/V5M32STR. Accessed on the retrieved_at date of this dataset version.

Vose, Russell S.; Applequist, Scott; Squires, Mike; Durre, Imke; Menne, Matthew J.; Williams, Claude N., Jr.; Fenimore, Chris; Gleason, Karin; Arndt, Derek (2014): NOAA Monthly U.S. Climate Divisional Database (NClimDiv). Statewide and national average, maximum and minimum temperature and precipitation (climdiv-tmpcst, -tmaxcst, -tmincst, -pcpnst) and their 1991-2020 normals (climdiv-norm-*st). NOAA National Climatic Data Center. doi:10.7289/V5M32STR. Accessed on the retrieved_at date of this dataset version.